Alpha particles:
He nuclei:
2 protons, 2 neutrons;
charge: 2e; mass: 4u
Rutherford could determine the charge to mass ratio of alpha particle by
deflecting them in electric and magnetic fields.
To verify that alpha particles were doubly charge He ions (He nuclei), alpha
particles were allowed to penetrate a very thin glass wall of an evacuated
tube and captured inside the tube. A spark provided a shower of electrons,
Some electrons were captured by the ions to form neutral atoms. The
spectrum of the light emitted by the resulting gas showed that it was helium.